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Tutorial 8: 13:30 - 17:00, Monday, June 5, 2000

Introduction to Intelligent Vehicles
by
Mohsin M. Jamali (University of Toledo, USA)



Abstract

       It has been reported that Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) will become a 7.1 billion dollar market by 2003. In the ITS arena there is considerable activity by the department of transportation to incorporate driver conveniences such as Advance Traffic Information System (ATIS) and by the auto-industry to attach consumer devices. Intelligent Vehicles involve incorporation of advanced driver-assist systems to enhance safety and mobility, roadway departure warning, infrastructure based intersection collision warning systems, lateral control of heavy vehicles, and roadway condition warning systems. These conveniences may be based on technologies such as radar, ladar, wireless communications, GPS, and machine vision. Consumers would like to take advantage of plug and play convenience in their cars for the state of the art entertainment, traveler information, communications and security devices. Auto-manufactures and third party consumer electronic companies would like to install state of the art devices to provide safe and informed trips. One of the precursors for these devices is that they may be used across platforms and manufacturers. Auto manufacturers can not offer state of the art features due to long design cycle of new cars. This plug and play convenience is also not possible at the present time due to proprietary nature of vehicle electronics which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and also across multiple car platforms.

Auto manufacturers are using multiplex buses (local area network) within their vehicles for integration of all their vehicle electronics. At the present time, for various reasons auto manufacturers are not using standard multiplex bus interface. Therefore installation of plug and play features can be very complex, expensive and may not result in an integrated system. This would require multiple designs of the same product.  If a device needs to be connected to a particular vehicle it should also go through normal design cycle resulting in long delays. Auto manufacturers consider multiplex bus system (OEM bus) as proprietary due to warranty, safety and liability reasons. Auto manufacturer would not allow installation of electronic devices as they may interfere with the operation of the vehicle or of any of its subsystems.

A dual bus architecture is proposed for the intelligent vehicle.  The vehicle will have two buses namely OEM’s multiplex bus and an Intelligent Transportation  System Data Bus (IDB). These two buses will be connected through a gateway. Development of IDB would facilitate installation of various electronic devices in the vehicle. Device manufacturers may then develop and build only one version of their product which can be plugged into the vehicle across manufacturers and platforms.  The gateway will be under the control of the auto company and would allow only authorize messages to go to the OEM multiplex bus. The gateway would also prevent interference to the multiplex bus from any other unauthorized electronic devices. SAE has developed an IDB standard which can be used in the proposed dual architecture. The goals of IDB standard are safety & security, simpler design, plug & play and easier to service.  Functional requirements of IDB are graceful degradation during failure, hot plug & play, self identification, short boot/discovery time, peer to peer communication, automotive physical and electrical specifications, bus loading and power loading.

 This course is intended for the signal processing community who would like to build or interface signal processing applications for intelligent vehicles and the intelligent highway system. This course will provide front end information for the intelligent vehicle and will show to people what they need to do in order to incorporate signal processing and  multi media applications. A short outline is as follows:

Introduction
Automotive multiplex bus architecture (CAN, ISO and SAE standards)
Protocols for OEM multiplex buses
Intelligent Transportation System Data Bus (IDB)
Gateway between the OEM multiplex bus and the IDB
Signal processing examples
Car navigation systems
Adaptive cruise control and scanning laser radar
Unmanned autonomous vehicle control system based using  image sensors
Video monitoring of vehicle cockpit
Collision avoidance systems
Use of coding schemes, neural networks and fuzzy logic in intelligent vehicles
References for various signal processing applications